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　　Frontiers of Architectural Research（建筑学研究前沿/FoAR）于12月初出版了2022年第六期，共15篇文章。本期推送为其中一篇文章的摘要和大纲，内容采用中文表达，方便大家阅读。推文内容不可直接引用。感兴趣的读者，请点击文末左下方“阅读原文”，可免费浏览及下载原版英文论文。

　　01 论 文 题 目

　　Manuscript Title

　　‘Visual excitation’ in Richard Neutra’s residential architecture: An analysis using weighted graphs and centrality measures

　　理查德·诺伊特拉住宅建筑中的“视觉兴奋”：基于使用加权图和中心性度量的分析

　　02 作 者

　　Authors

　　Michael J. Dawes*, JuHyun Lee, Michael J. Ostwald

　　Faculty of Arts, Design & Architecture, School of Built Environment, University of New South Wales, Sydney, 2052, Australia

　　03 论 文 摘 要

　　Abstract

　　The famous modernist architect Richard Neutra argued that movement through, and understanding of a building could be choreographed by controlling the visual stimuli that is available to a person. These claims are tested by quantifying the lines of sight and intelligibility of five of Neutra’s residential designs. A computational method, weighted axial line analysis, is used to investigate lines of sight and movement in five of Neutra’s house designs. The cumulative lengths of axial lines required to reach public and private spaces are compared, and centrality measures are calculated for each design that are weighted with line length data. Intelligibility metrics are calculated from these centrality measures. The first hypothesis, that visual stimuli in Neutra’s architecture is greater when accessing public rather than private spaces is supported by the results. The second hypothesis, that Neutra’s architecture is highly intelligible, is not supported by the results. This research tests two theories used to explain the works of a famous architect and it develops a new variation of well-known Space Syntax technique, to account for axial line lengths.

　　04 关 键 词

　　Keywords

　　Richard Neutra / 理查德·诺伊特拉

　　Modernism / 现代主义

　　Space syntax / 空间句法

　　Weighted axial map / 加权轴线图

　　Centrality measures / 中心性度量

　　05 章 节 标 题

　　Sections Title

　　1. Introduction / 引言

　　2. Neutra and Biorealism / 诺伊特拉与生物现实主义

　　3. Distance and space syntax / 距离与空间句法

　　4. Weighted graphs and their measures / 加权图与他们的测量方法

　　5. Hypotheses / 假说

　　5.1. Hypothesis1 / 假说一

　　5.2. Hypothesis 2 / 假说二

　　6. Methodology / 研究方法

　　7. Results / 研究结果

　　7.1. Kaufman House 

　　7.2. Tremaine House

　　7.3. Moore House 

　　7.4. Kramer House

　　7.5. Oxley House

　　8. Discussion / 探讨

　　9. Conclusion / 结论

　　06 主 要 插 图

　　Illustration

▲ 图一：图a：传统的空间句法图示，图b：在传统图示上进行了加权，图c：变为有向边，图d：有向边并加权。© 本文作者

▲图二：图a：两条长度分别为3米和6米的轴线，图b：将两者以一条无向边相连并加权图示，图c：加权并连以有向边，图d：将边的加权反转。© 本文作者

▲图三：考夫曼住宅的平面图和平面轴线分布。© 本文作者

▲图四：考夫曼住宅的可读性图表，L=客厅，B=主卧室。© 本文作者

▲图五：Tremaine住宅的平面图及平面轴线分布。© 本文作者

▲图六：Moore 住宅的平面图及平面轴线分布。© 本文作者

▲图七：Kramer住宅的平面图及平面轴线分布。© 本文作者

▲图八：Oxley住宅的平面图及平面轴线分布。© 本文作者

　　07 作 者 介 绍

　　Authors Information

Michael J. Dawes

Post-Doc Fellow

Arts, Design & Architecture, School of Built Environment

University of New South Wales, Australia

　　Dr Michael J. Dawes is a Post-Doctoral Research Fellow at UNSW, Sydney. He completed his PhD in architecture at the University of Newcastle after investigating design theory and mathematics in the work of Christopher Alexander. Michael was previously employed at the University of Newcastle as a tutor and researcher and co-authored the book 'The Mathematics of the Modernist Villa' (Birkhauser 2018) and a series of journal papers and chapters.

JuHyun Lee

Senior Lecturer

Arts, Design & Architecture, School of Built Environment

University of New South Wales, Australia

　　I am a Senior Lecturer in Architecture and Computational Design in the School of Built Environment, Faculty of Arts, Design and Architecture (ADA), UNSW Sydney.  My research has used architectural computing and design cognition to examine and improve the creation of a range of building types, while my PhD study sought to craft and propose consensual strategic planning schemes for mixed-use development to support urban regeneration. I am co-author with Michael J. Ostwald of Grammatical and Syntactical Approaches in Architecture (IGI Global 2020) and co-author with Michael J. Ostwald and Ning Gu of Design Thinking: Creativity, Collaboration and Culture (Springer 2020).

Michael J. Ostwald

Professor, Associate Dean

Arts, Design & Architecture, School of Built Environment

University of New South Wales, Australia

　　Dr. Michael J. Ostwald is Professor of Architectural Analytics at the University of New South Wales (UNSW), Sydney (Australia) and Associate Dean of Research in the Faculty of Arts, Design and Architecture.

　　For more than two decades Michael has been a senior leader and manager in universities and he has also served in leadership roles in industry and professional bodies. He has been a Dean, Associate Dean and Head of School, and has served as interim or acting Pro Vice Chancellor at multiple institutions. Michael was previously Professor of Architecture and Dean of Built Environment and Design at the University of Newcastle (Australia), Professorial Research Fellow and Research Director at Victoria University Wellington (New Zealand) and Professorial Fellow at the Università di Pisa (Italy). He has held academic positions in Hong Kong and North America and been an adjunct Professor and Research Fellow at RMIT University (Melbourne, Australia), an Australian Research Council (ARC) Future Fellow at Newcastle,  a visiting fellow at ANU (Australia), MIT (USA), HKU (China) and UCLA (USA) and an EU Distinguished Professor.

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